Building codes throughout the country differ by state and sometimes even by municipalities, cover various aspects of the building process, including; structural requirements, fire, health, safety, and electrical standards. Essentially, this means that you must do your research very well before you plan, design, or construct. Simply put, understanding building codes is essential.
The main goal of the codes is to protect people against the safety and health risks posed by poorly constructed structures. They provide minimum standards for buildings such as mechanical integrity, structural integrity, fire prevention, energy conservation, and means of egress.
Various consensus groups generally write the codes, then legislated at both the state and local levels, either with modification or verbatim. County authorities also enact laws mostly to set signage rules, parking spaces, and even staircases.
Where do these codes apply?
There are four primary areas where understanding building codes apply:
- Demolition
- New Construction
- New additions to existing buildings
- Adjustment to existing buildings
Example: Residential Stairs
Section R311.7 of the IRC (International Residential Code)and its subparagraphs address stairway codes for items such as the minimum width, walk lines, riser height, tread depth, headroom, handrail height, and much more.
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Where can I find out exactly what building regulations cover and require?
Most states have offices that make and enforce building codes. County governments also issue licenses and oversee the enforcement of building codes. In large and more developed urban regions, municipalities have that authority and responsibility.
Nowadays, it is possible to see full regulations and rules online on a website of the authority. If that doesn't work out, contact your local housing agency or planning board. Most of them have guides that help the public understand procedures. Similarly, it is sometimes possible to get building permits online after going through a qualifying process successfully.
Checked and Approved Plans
Before you embark on a new construction project or make any adjustments to an existing structure, your plans must be scrutinized and approved. Licensed contractors and builders will most likely know what to do. But fundamentally, you first apply for a permit with your local building commission or inspector's office.
You may also be required to file a proposal of the project, your contractor's license, and evidence of liability insurance.
Follow all the recommendations.
Inspectors usually review all the phases of a building project as work continues. Generally, if they don't approve a stage, nothing further happens. As such, all the recommendations they make must for followed the last word. If you don't, you may find it hard to get an 'occupancy certificate' from the office.
Luckily, technology has improved the approval process. Reports can be filed online and feedback posted within a few hours. This helps keep construction on the schedule, provided the project meets all the requirements.
Other Rules and Regulations
Getting your plan approved is not just about the actual construction process. It also involves other rules like protection from high winds, energy use, natural disaster protection, environmental impact, and insurance protection.
While the state initially enacts most of the regulations, legislatures usually delegate responsibility and enforcement to local, municipality, and county governments.
Final Thoughts
Building codes are mainly designed to protect the public and not overburden builders/ design professionals or increase construction costs. So keeping all the codes in mind and regularly engaging with building officials will result in a structure that is not only sound but also protects occupants from various hazards.
